|
A representation of 10.5 Valuns in V-Checks |
“The
fact that only those without money can be money issuers shows that
the adequacy of money circulation requires adequacy of issuers, and
that the supply can never be adequate for a healthy economy when the
number of issuers is restricted.”
The
Value Exchange Network (VEN) is a name for a private market. The
monetary unit in such a market is the international standard Value
Unit or Valun.
Value
Units Enter the VEN
Valuns
enter the VEN in three ways:
1)
Valuns are created by the impecunious (the poor). We all begin with
“red inked” accounts in this market; we begin with what we'll
call from now on “operating overdraft”
Operating
Overdraft – within VEN parlance shall be those Valuns each A
member has the permission to issue. Each and every A member starts
with 200 Valuns
2) Valuns are bartered into existence by
exchange of all other currencies using precious metals (gold and
silver bullion) as an intermediary.
Those bartering dollars or
any other “public” currency for Valuns receive the equivalent
number of Valuns as described here. Currencies
are used to purchase precious metals, which stores shall be the
custodial property of each local independent exchange.
3)
Valuns are issued in the process of being paid for work. This shall
be where the lion's share of new Valuns come from. The process will
take the form of self financing of all employment; all Valuns
ultimately paid for work done will have previously been created by
the A member employee as part of the terms of the contract under
which he is paid. Again, in case someone isn't getting it, yes as a
fiat issue from nothing. We have called these contracts “Labour
Contracts” in all cases, but perhaps we shall come up with a better
name for them.
B members are businesses usually made up of A
members; they may have employees who are not affiliated with the VEN
as A members. Each A member can enter into a contract with a B
member for employment that specifies the amount of Valuns to be paid
to the employee on a schedule of specified pay dates. At the
beginning of the contract, the B member business automatically gets
Valuns equal to the entire contract to use on a float basis until the
employee must be paid. This is true for all A member employees from
the director to the least paid worker. This forms the basis for
trust between employees and employers. Knowing what one is worth
becomes more important too as a business would like to have that
float, particularly if the pay date is scheduled three or more months
in advance. Right now, running in parallel with the existing system,
with nothing to redeem for Valuns, they have the status of potential
stores of purchasing power; savings
Wouldn't
it be possible for someone to loan themselves a tremendous amount of
Valuns in a business they run?
No,
because every business has to “pay its own way” (See our
definition of Profitability below). If it were to excessively pay
someone more than the sales they took in, obviously they would go
bankrupt and fail. We expect that something like this might be going
on in globalist corporatedom on a mega scale, but the subject doesn't
even concern us.
It
should be understood that these Valuns spring forth from the A
members themselves, not from the local IE, not from IVES and
certainly not from the B member employers or anywhere else. At the
beginning of a contract involving work, the business gets the money
on the first day of the employee's work and pays it back to the
employee on specified pay dates. The transactions for doing all of
this are scheduled by these contracts and the IEs carry out the
transactions as part of their regular instructed duties. Riegel's
complicated, excessively burdensome ideas for implementing the
parallel payments in Valuns were perhaps one of the chief reasons his
ideas went nowhere. No business wants to be burdened with more
paperwork or bothered with anything more they have to do for someone
outside their business. They want to pay attention to running their
business. So, the technicalities of all these parallel payment
arrangements will be handled by each local independent exchange.
This
float might not mean anything right now, since there is no organized
VEN, but we can't say that will forever be the case. We expect that
all we need do is provide the means and a lot more will result.
Value
Units Leave the VEN
1)
Taxes. You simply can't get away from them and where they are due
and payable, in their money not ours, we make provision for it. The
A member submits an applicable tax bill and the IE takes the
equivalent number of Valuns from the A member and sells the required
precious metals to raise the tax money. The corresponding Valuns are
destroyed in the process.
There
are some out there with what may turn out to be a valid argument
concerning income taxes. We're open to any informed opinion here.
They say that since all money earned through employment within a VEN
is actually created and lent to the businesses before this same money
is paid back to the employee, that the income stream to the employee
isn't really taxable income, but amounts to a short term loan at no
interest to the business from the employee. We note that money lent
without interest, without more than the exchange in time worked to
get it back in pay, as the business enjoys the “time preference”
value of the float, may turn out to be the most revolutionary idea in
E. C. Riegel's quiver. This may turn out to be more significant in
savings for both employees and businesses than any can foresee right
now.
2.
Money always disappears into things that were bought, especially
anything paid off on time. For instance, let's suppose you buy a
refrigerator for $400. But you paid that price due to “exercising
your time preference” and buying that refrigerator now rather than
waiting until you had say $200 which is what the refrigerator cost
for those who had the cash. Two identical refrigerators. The one on
the left cost $200 while the other cost twice as much. Where did
$200 extra go? Some of it certainly ended up with the person who
bought the refrigerator on the right at or perhaps even below the
cash price and sold it to the customer on time payments. Both
refrigerators are depreciating in value from point of sale. The one
on the left could be sold the day after it was bought for perhaps 90%
of its value, the one on the right sold a day after the last payment
was made, could obviously not be sold for what was paid for it. It
has automatically lost at least half its value compared with the left
hand refrigerator.
The same concept goes for anything
including capital goods, land, buildings, anything. So what gives
value to anything? The work done to make whatever it is productive
and then profitable; able to pay its way.
Profitability
- within VEN parlance shall be the ability for a B member business to
pay its way; to cover all expenses and retain a portion of what they
earn to cover emergencies.
A
members become “black operators” when the amount of money they
earn tallies against the amount of money in their Operating
Overdraft, cancelling all money created out of existence. Anything
more that any A member earns is clearly money he received for work
done.
All
businesses suffer emergencies and most businesses are chronically
under capitalized. There will certainly spring up around each IE
those businesses that can and would engage in finance activities to
help businesses out. We expect a lot of crowdfunding techniques.
We'll certainly be discussing this entire area. But we'd prefer to
see strong and sturdy small and medium sized businesses of kinds that
may be run year in and year out at a certain predictable level,
providing regular employment for a certain number of people. These
kinds and sizes of business are at present almost impossible to get
started. We'll explain exactly why much of this is so and how to
begin to think and work our way out of it in a future post. We've
set in some of the groundwork for that discussion here.
3.
Money that is issued by any A member is destroyed when that same A
member accepts the same amount in return for goods or labour sold.
We have two instances of this:
a) An poor A member who may
decide to either sell something or get a job takes Valuns back. All
Valuns he is paid cancel out any he has already issued and spent into
the VEN.
b) A regular wage earner supplements his earnings in
“public” money with a parallel stream of Valuns that he had
previously lent into existence and loaned to his employer interest
free until he is paid.
The same Valuns issued are redeemed
by the issuer in a monetary circle that may involve many changes of
hands. Much of this was discussed here.
What
you're describing is a loan at zero interest that is paid back as
work is paid for. I don't see any way that any government could
interpret such a situation fairly as a taxable event. Have you
perhaps stumbled upon the solution to income taxes?
They'll
contend that the money was created out of nothing (when all theirs is
just the same) and therefore that the loan is a fake. But between an
employee's first day of work and his first payday, the business gets
to buy something it needs with those Valuns from anyone in the VEN,
so it really is a loan at zero interest just as you say.
Nevertheless, until we get more informed advice on this, we have to
proceed with caution.
Working
Capital
Working
capital is tied up in businesses, but everyone needs savings because
there are always emergencies. We hope and trust that Valuns will be
a sufficient savings vehicle that sufficiently preserves its
purchasing power over time, that can in fact rest idly to be called
to action when needed.
Trading
within and among IEs
This
figure depicts three IE's (A, B and C) and shows that each has a
specific interface to settle transactions (AB, AC and BC). These
areas describe bundles of transactions. Yes, each transaction has
three parties, the buyer, the seller and the bookkeeper. People talk
all kinds of nonsense about two party vs. three party sales. So,
we'll state it as frankly as we can: All sales involving precious
metals are three party transactions too; the buyer, the seller and
the metals dealer. Oh, they'd love to exclude him. It makes their
pleas for nothing but gold and silver sound better to more gullible
and lazy people who don't even know exactly why they're buying
precious metals. When there are time payments involved for any sale
there are perhaps four parties to the agreement and perhaps more.
Anyway within each area are transactions involving members of these
IEs. All of the shaded areas represent the VEN. It could begin as
simply as IEs starting up in three adjacent rural counties. Some
states, California for instance, might very well have three IEs
within a single county. Each IE and its businesses are depicted on
the V-Checks they issue. They all have designs accepted by IVES.
The descriptions of all transaction processing is also under the
administration of IVES.
This figure depicts three IE's, each hosting (for
want of a better term) several Valun counters. VCs are the external
people interfaces of each IE, they may be separate businesses (B
members) sharing transaction fees with the IE or they may be run as
subsidiaries of the IE.
Here,
we see two clusters of IEs separated from each other and operating
through non VEN operators.
Non
VEN Operators (NVO) – within VEN parlance an NVO shall be non
VEN member businesses doing business with VEN members.
Note
that all NVOs in the illustration have relationships with one or more
IEs in each cluster. To some, the idea of a VEN (the transactions of
one or more IE's) could be adapted to mean the total transactions of
each of these clusters. But we want to get across that the money and
its value structures remains the same whether clusters of IEs are
separated from each other by distance or some other artificial
consideration. Of course conditions based on supply and demand
modify this somewhat from region to region. Trade should normally
flow freely among IEs, unless some abnormal pattern of transactions
is detected, in which case IVES is notified and a VEN wide bulletin
might be issued. Each and every IE can decide to suspend dealing
with any IE that falls beneath standards, so penalties for breaking
rules will be quite severe. The rules are simple and benefit
everyone in operations involving trust. Why shouldn't they be as
severe as being thrown out of the VEN for a considerable period of
time, etc.?
We
note that all money in the VEN created by poor members and not
cancelled by them by taking back any money for goods or labour, is
fair game to any business operator willing to attract and use it. We
further note that were all employment to be by contract as loans at
zero interest, regardless of the tax implications for the employee,
that the business from now on takes an entirely different view to
labour costs. If the business is not strictly speaking paying for
its own labour, then all that needs concern them are all other
expenses except labour and the retaining of earnings as savings
against emergencies. This is a recipe for making very strong
independent businesses.
David
Burton
dpbmss@mail.com
[11
March, 2014: So Valuns really would be our
money since we would be issuing them for any work we do.
Yes.
They are an expression of a legitimate extension of each
individual's private property.
Can
you see a time when people might demand to be paid in their own
money?
LOL,
yes. All one needs is to experience more inflation, stagflation,
recession, depression, etc. to know that the present monetary system
and its so called economic planners have always been at the same
game; pilfering from the public, etc. Of course along with this,
from time immemorial, they have also planned wars, which are their
harvest.
By
a business “paying its way,” you're using standard balance sheet
accounting?
Yes.
Do
professional partnerships qualify under proposed IVES rules?
Yes.
Partnerships are as old as time. They are always acceptable
business structures. Each partner is considered a part owner in the
enterprise even if various partners own disproportionate percentages
of the whole business. Such businesses in fact should make up the
majority of all qualified VEN businesses.
Will
there be any age limits for opening accounts?
No,
well only one. Recall we require for new A memberships:
1)
Domicile: you have to have lived in the area where the IE operates
for one year and possess the right under local law to live there.
2)
You need to have recommendations from 2 A members.
Any
child of two A member parents is eligible as a one year old. There
aren't any limits on the other end either. Assuming one remains
sensible into great age, there is no reason why they wouldn't be
allowed an account.
You
mention venture capital. Let's say someone out there really thinks
once this gets going he'd like to convert some huge amount of money,
like a million dollars, into Valuns. How would he make money?
His
objective would have to be home in the VEN, actually making
and being a part of it. You'd only be doing that by owning and
running a real business. We are about ultimately renouncing
the present system, not trying to make any more money using it. I
did not mention any way out of this system back to their system
except paying taxes ... or selling something made within the VEN
outside it for dollars or something else. Hence, this is not to be
just one more “get more rich quick” scheme for plutocratic
psychopaths. With sufficient funding, many businesses can transfer
away from their “public” money base and eventually to a full VEN
status.
What
would you say are the best ways for capital to participate in the
VEN?
When
the VEN gets going, the best opportunities are going to be
refinancing businesses out of the present system into the VEN. The
same goes for residential real estate. We aren't taking dinosaurs
though, the too big to fails, corporations, governments.
Have
you given thought to public employees? Since governments would not
be members of the VEN, how would Valuns be paid to them?
We're
thinking about another set of contracts for them that involve the IE
itself, except that the IE would have no purpose in using any of the
float that would normally be generated. Otherwise the contract would
look the same; a parallel set of transactions would deposit Valuns in
their accounts on each pay day. Such contracts are really between
someone doing a job considered essential by the members of each IE.
Such matters would require a vote of at least 2/3rds of the members
of each IE to become active policy. Three IE's deciding to do the
same thing would raise the issue to IVES and if the majority agreed,
it would become VEN policy.
You
have this thing you call domicile. If I get to be an A member in my
area, can I move to another area and retain my A membership?
Yes,
you can. Your domicile (home) IE is the one where you are an A
member. The rule only applies to new A members. It would normally
be a good idea to establish yourself where you are if you can, unless
it was always your intention to move somewhere else for which you had
a previous preference. When you move, all member accounts will be
transferable between IEs, but you can only be an A member in one IE.
You can choose to retain an account at your former IE, but you'd be a
B member there and would have to maintain profitability; “pay your
way.”
Most
people decide to move based on deteriorating conditions where they
are or opportunities elsewhere. Over time there would tend to be far
fewer differences in basic living standards from one area to another.
What
would be your long term prognosis for price levels generally under
the Valun system?
When
prices find their own level within the Valun yardstick of value, they
will tend to move less violently up or down and over time may remain
nearly flat, subject only to differences in local supply and demand.
Actually we would anticipate that the Valun price structure would
provide a far more accurate appraisal of the relative value of goods
and services in each unique area.
If
you were to choose between buying an ounce of silver every month or
an ounce of gold which would you choose?
Silver
has outperformed gold.
How
has silver performed in your proposal
At
inception, one ounce of silver would have bought 19.44 Value Units.
Now
we're at 11.94 Value Units, which means silver buys less than it did
in 2011; 7.5 Value Units to be exact or down 38.58% against the
Valun. Remember we're talking about a piece of purchasing power
defined by a thousandth of a single transaction that would have
occurred at a particular point in time. That piece of purchasing
power does not change regardless of what the bullion brokers decide
the trade in “public” money would be. Since our system measures
gold and silver independently of each other, gold has fallen only 23%
against the Valun since inception. Though this indicates that silver
has fallen farther than gold, we expect long term that since every
currency on the planet naturally inflates by design,
that buying any gold or silver on a regular basis is a wiser
investment strategy than almost anything else. Of course, we have
established -at least in abstract experiment- something better than
precious metals or any other currency, else why would we be
advocating it? That vehicle is not yet in existence.]
[12
March, 2014: Was intrigued by your description
of NVO's. At the beginning wouldn't every business be an NVO?
Indeed
they would be. The illustrations were merely to give people the idea
that one might function between clusters of IEs, but right now we
consider any business organized as a sole proprietorship,
partnerships, and even situations where people are limited partners
operating under direction of a general partner are fair game for our
message. If they wish to remain in business, if they wish to escape
from the present system, which we maintain is shaky and will come
down eventually, then we offer the best alternative to secure
independence.
I also saw
somewhere you mentioned IE's not being able to keep dollars, etc.
Under
current legislation here and elsewhere, through intellectual
copyright law, they have the right to interfere directly in your
business. Obviously we don't want any of that. This was but one
more reason for our Valun proposal.
Do
you think they would care if we made side deals in local currencies?
They
really wont care as long as taxes in their money are paid.
Businesses make sure they know the valuations in the alternative
currencies they allow and determine the taxes in “public” money.
They tend to save their “public” money for paying taxes and
anything else that can't be paid in alternative currencies, but
gradually over time they wean themselves from reliance on “public”
money, including refinancing their real estate in alternative
currencies. Public authorities would still be determining taxes
based on prices in “public” money.
We'd
further remind our readers that the Valun proposal is for a universal
standard of commercial value measurement that stands apart from
alternative currencies that use the “hours” or “discount”
basis with reference to their “public” based currencies. The
other alternative currencies will go up and down with the dollar, the
Valun will not.]
[13
March, 2014: It seems to me that you are making
a profound observation in your proposal for Labor Conrtracts. They
are Labor Contracts, but the reverse of what everyone thinks of.
People go to work for other people but the people who pay them
normally decide the pay and hours, etc. Under this proposal, labor
is your own resource that you lend to the employer for its full value
prior to working to get the money repaid to you. It's an entirely
different concept. It should be tax free, but I'm not an expert.
Thank-you,
we'll just have to see about that. We'll need for all Labour
Contracts to be described, recorded and operate basically as the
reverse of Credit Contracts. A Labour Contract under VEN rules
allows the employer to the float on the entire value of the
employee's time, repaid on a schedule of pay days. All the money
issued is cancelled upon payment. A Credit Contract under VEN rules
allows the buyer to have his “time preference” for what he buys,
repaid on a schedule of pay days. All money involved in these must
have already been created. These are the two building block
agreements that run the whole system. Together they re-emphasize a
“work to own” mentality, that is a basic cornerstone of civilized
society.]